The peripheral nervous system primarily involves which of the following?

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) primarily involves nerves and ganglia, making option B the correct choice. The PNS is responsible for connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the limbs and organs. It is composed of all the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord, which are crucial for transmitting signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.

Nerves are made up of bundles of axons, which are the long projections of neurons that carry electrical impulses. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS that serve as relay points for processing information before it reaches the brain.

In contrast, the brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system, which is responsible for processing and integrating sensory information and coordinating responses. Neurons are essential components of both the CNS and PNS; however, the question focuses specifically on the structure of the PNS, which entails more than just the neurons. The cerebral cortex, being a part of the brain, is also a component of the central nervous system, not the peripheral system. Therefore, option B accurately reflects the components of the peripheral nervous system.